Exploring Distress and Occupational Participation Among Older Canadians During the COVID-19 Pandemic.

Background. The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic disrupted daily life with corresponding implications on levels of distress. Purpose. To describe factors associated with high distress among community-dwelling older adults during the first lockdown and explore how occupational participation was managed. Methods. A mixed methods design whereby multivariate regression analysis of a survey (N = 263) identified factors associated with high distress, as per the Impact of Events of Scale-Revised (IES-R). Follow-up interviews with a sub-sample of those surveyed who reflected a range of IES-R scores were conducted (N = 32). Findings. Those with lower resilience and anxiety/depression had 6.84 and 4.09 greater odds respectively of high distress. From the interviews, the main theme, "Lost and Found," and subthemes (Interruption and Disruption; Surving, not Thriving; Moving Forward, Finding Meaning) highlighted the process and corresponding stages, including adaptive strategies, by which participants navigated changes in their occupational participation. Implications. While the results suggest that many older adults, including those with high distress, were able to manage daily life under lockdown, some experienced ongoing challenges in doing so. Future studies should focus on those who experienced or who are at-higher risk for such challenges to identify supports that mitigate adverse consequences if another event of this magnitude occurs again.

Activités et motivations sous-jacentes : quelles relations avec le bien-être en confinement ?

Résumé Introduction La situation de confinement décidée en France pour prévenir la diffusion de la Covid-19 a temporairement modifié la structure des activités quotidiennes. Or, les activités quotidiennes influencent le bien-être. De même, l’intention qui sous-tend l’action est déterminante. Objectifs Cette étude a exploré trois variables hypothétiquement en relation avec le bien-être sous confinement : le temps consacré à chaque activité, la motivation sous-jacente à l’activité, et un potentiel effet de modération de l’effet du temps par la motivation. Méthode Un suivi longitudinal hebdomadaire d’une sélection d’activités potentiellement liées au bien-être chez des individus confinés a été réalisé sur quatre semaines (Nparticipants=461, Nobservations=1213) puis traité par des modèles linéaires mixtes. Résultats Concernant le type d'activités, les temps passés à donner du support social, à effectuer du volontariat, à réaliser une activité physique et à méditer étaient positivement associés au bien-être. De plus, les motivations hédonistes, eudémonistes et altruistes étaient positivement reliées au bien-être, alors que la motivation extrinsèque lui était négativement reliée. Les motivations étaient généralement plus associées au bien-être que le temps passé sur les activités. Enfin, des interactions ont été trouvées entre le temps passé sur les activités et les motivations, en particulier avec les motivations hédoniste et altruiste. Conclusion Cette étude contribue à donner des pistes sur la distribution du temps d’activité en confinement et sur les motivations associées au bien-être dans une telle situation. Introduction The lockdown decided in France to prevent the spread of Covid-19 has temporarily modified the structure of daily activities. But, daily activities and the intention underlying actions influence well-being. Objectives This study explored three variables hypothetically related to well-being under lockdown: the time spent on each activity, the motivation underlying the activity, and a potential moderating effect of time by motivation. Method Weekly longitudinal tracking of a selection of activities potentially related to well-being in confined individuals was conducted over four weeks (N=461, 1213 total observations, April 16–May 20, 2020) and then processed by linear mixed model analyses. Results At the activity level, the time spent giving social support, volunteering, physical activity, and meditation were positively associated with well-being. In addition, hedonic, eudemonic, and altruistic motivations were positively related to well-being, whereas extrinsic motivation was negatively related. Motivations were generally more associated to well-being than time spent on activities. Finally, interactions were found between time spent on activities and motivations, particularly with hedonic and altruistic motivations. Conclusion This study provides insights into the distribution of activity time in confinement and the motivations associated with well-being in such a situation.

[Physical activity and pulmonary rehabilitation]. / Activités physiques et réadaptation respiratoire.

INTRODUCTION: Physical activity in daily life (PA) in patients with chronic respiratory disease is reduced. Inactivity is associated with an increased risk of hospitalisation and mortality. Even though pulmonary rehabilitation (PR) is associated with improved quality of life (fewer symptoms, greater exercise capacity…), its benefits with regard to PA remain unclear. STATE OF THE ART: For each patient, it is important during a respiratory rehabilitation (RR) programme to evaluate PA and its determinants. Only programs aimed at improved self-management and including educational therapy (ETP) have shown a short-term increase of PA following PR. Several studies have reported better long-term adherence when professionals help the patient to construct a personalised PA project, with regular follow-up and an array of activities (local facilities, urban walking…) chosen by the patient and adapted to the environment. PERSPECTIVES: The ongoing SARS-CoV2 pandemic has highlighted the importance of human interaction, even at a distance using information and communication technologies, as a means of sustaining patient motivation. Future controlled and randomized studies should focus on the long-term impact on PA of innovative strategies in patients with chronic respiratory diseases. Moreover, it would be interesting to quantify the socioeconomic impact as well as the sustainable health benefits of the different strategies outlined in this review. CONCLUSION: It is not possible to offer a single solution likely to maintain RR benefits over an extended lapse of time. However, follow-up with an ETP and/or regular and customized support during the post-training period facilitates the long-term adoption of active behavior.

[Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the activities of the cardiology department of the Ignace Deen National Hospital at the Conakry University Hospital]. / Impact de la pandémie de COVID-19 sur les activités du service de cardiologie de l'hôpital national Ignace Deen du CHU de Conakry.

The new coronavirus pandemic (COVID-19) is the main global health crisis of our time and the greatest threat we have faced in this century. According to the National Health Security Agency (ANSS), which is the national body responsible for managing epidemics and pandemics, 1927 cases of COVID-19 were confirmed, 11 deaths with more than 4000 contact subjects. The objective of this study was to assess the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the activities of the cardiology department of the Ignace Deen National Hospital at the Conakry University Hospital. This was a descriptive retrospective study from January 2020 to April 2020, focusing on consultation and hospitalisation activities in the cardiology department of Ignace Deen National Hospital at Conakry University Hospital. The study consisted of assessing the impact of the pandemic on patient use of the service during the first weeks of the pandemic. We recorded the frequency of consultations and hospitalisations from March to April 2020, which we compared to the frequency of consultations and hospitalisations in January and February 2020. During this study from March to April 2020, we identified 130 patients in consultation against 450 patients for the two months preceding the official declaration of the pandemic in Guinea, a drop of 71.1% (320 patients). The same remark was made in hospitalisation with a drop of 75% (35 patients against 140 for the two months preceding the pandemic). At the start of the COVID-19 pandemic in Guinea, it is clear that there has been a rapid and significant drop in the effective use of the cardiology service.